MOTS-c

Compoundable (Rx)

Metabolic Peptides · Mitochondrial

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene.

What is MOTS-c?

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial-derived peptide encoded within the 12S rRNA gene. It functions as an exercise mimetic, activating AMPK pathways similar to physical exercise. It has shown promise for improving insulin sensitivity, fat metabolism, exercise capacity, and cellular energy production.

Also known as: Mitochondrial ORF of the Twelve S rRNA Type-C

How Does MOTS-c Work?

Activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase), the master metabolic regulator, similar to exercise. Enhances glucose uptake, improves insulin sensitivity, promotes fatty acid oxidation, and stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis. Translocates to the nucleus to regulate gene expression in response to metabolic stress.

What is MOTS-c Used For?

Exercise mimetic
Metabolic optimization
Insulin sensitivity
Fat metabolism
Longevity

Potential Side Effects

Injection site irritation
Mild nausea
Headache (uncommon)

Contraindications

Pregnancy
Active cancer
Children

FDA Legal Status

United States — FDA

Compoundable (Rx)

Category 1 (restored 2026)

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Frequently Asked Questions

Is MOTS-c really an exercise mimetic?

MOTS-c activates AMPK — the same pathway triggered by exercise — improving glucose metabolism, fat oxidation, and mitochondrial function. While it replicates some metabolic benefits of exercise, it cannot replace the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and psychological benefits of actual physical activity.

How is MOTS-c different from other fat loss peptides?

Unlike GLP-1 agonists that reduce appetite or AOD-9604 that targets lipolysis directly, MOTS-c works at the mitochondrial level to improve overall metabolic efficiency. It's more of a metabolic optimizer than a pure fat-loss agent.

Quick Facts

Legal Status (USA): Compoundable (Rx)
FDA Category: Category 1 (restored 2026)
Evidence Rating: CPreliminary Evidence (Mostly Preclinical)
Class / Subclass: Metabolic Peptides / Mitochondrial
Administration: subcutaneous
Typical Dosage: 5-10mg weekly
Half-Life: ~4-6 hours
Year Discovered: 2015

Sources

PubMed 25738459

Last updated: 2026-04-01

Sources & references

Primary sources used for the dosing, mechanism, side-effect, and regulatory claims on this page. Verify time-sensitive information (regulatory status, prescribing details) on the source before relying on it for medical decisions. See our disclaimer.

PubMed PMID 25738459 — peer-reviewed primary literature on MOTS-c.
FDA Federal Register — official notice record for FDA regulatory actions and Category 1 / 503A bulk-substance updates.